According to the research, Kolkata is the most polluted metropolitan city in the country, along with Delhi. Although, the values have significantly declined during 2017-2019. Yet this was not the case in West Bengal, where air pollution increased throughout this time period, particularly in rural areas. The analysis of the air pollution control organizations states that this trend will last even in 2021. The main reasons for this are the absence of proper air quality monitoring and the lack of air treatment systems outside Kolkata.

In 2019, West Bengal had the second highest number of air pollution-related deaths. Kolkata still has high PM 10 levels compared to the national allowed limits. While PM 2.5, which is more dangerous than PM 10, was not included at all in the analysis.

PM 2.5 is ultrafine particles that are less than 2.5 microns in diameter. These particulate pollutants can enter the bloodstream through the respiratory system and cause health problems like asthma, lung cancer, and heart disease. PM 2.5 contains many different chemicals that are emitted by a range of sources, mostly by power plants, industrial smokestacks, and automobiles.

The government and environmentalists have worked together to minimize air pollution in recent years through a variety of air pollution control projects. But the PM 2.5 values are still high. Due to the lockdown, PM 2.5 pollution fell from 41.8 micrograms to 28 micrograms. However, this year the levels rose to 37.4 micrograms again.

Green activists said that the main reason for the air pollution levels increasing is the violation of green norms in districts, especially for those within the industrial belt. The state controls the air pollution levels mostly in Kolkata, while monitoring in districts is generally poor. According to activists and researchers, the air quality in Kolkata is better because the majority of the air pollution industries were moved to the rural zones.

The industries in the rural areas don’t have such opportunities for installing air pollution control devices, like dry scrubbers or wet air scrubbers. Moreover, they lack the analysis and studies of the air pollution levels. So only seven districts have the infrastructure for measuring PM 2.5. Several districts with high PM 10 readings can’t measure the most toxic particulate pollutants.

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