A research team from India, in cooperation with scientists from the USA, is conducting experiments on air pollution control technology to reduce air pollution and improve air quality in India.

According to the research, poor air quality has caused at least 1.7 million deaths in 2019. The Indian state government is developing and deploying new policies to reduce the high rates of air pollution. One of them is called the emissions trading system or ETS. The government establishes an overall limit for emissions and defines permits or limitations up to that level. It is a novel approach of controlling air pollution in India because it is commonly used in high-income nations such as the United States. First, it is related to a lack of data infrastructure. Secondly, it has never been used for curbing particulate matter like soot and other industrial emissions which are the main sources of health risks in most developing economies with high levels of air pollution.

ETS restrains emissions in a certain area for a specific particulate matter. Moreover, it enables plants and factories to trade among themselves to provide the lowest compliance cost. The most effective of the first appliances to use this technology was sulfur dioxide from power plants in the United States. Particulate pollutants had caused acid rains that became a real problem for the northeastern part of the country. However, thanks to the emissions trading system, the air treatment problem was solved by reducing the air pollution rates.

The first Indian state that applied this method to improve air quality was Gujarat. Gujarat is an industrial state with high levels of air pollution. The research team needed to optimize the ways of receiving information on air pollution rates. Scientists implemented continuous emission monitoring systems to constantly measure particulate matter. Then they had to find the most effective way of using this continuous emissions monitoring system for air treatment.

According to early results, the Gujarat initiative is a great success. The vast majority of plants, over 90%, provide information on air pollution. One of the most important tasks was moving to the new monitoring regime that included the installation of air pollution control devices in the factories and plants. That led to the sustained reduction of particulate matter content. However, the process was slowed down because of the COVID lockdown.

This Gujarat project has a great meaning for the whole country and the air pollution problem. The particulate matter problem is also present in Punjab, as well as in north India. This program could be beneficial in metropolitan areas, where the industry remains a significant producer of pollutants. Scientists see this air treatment system as an ideal instrument that can be accepted by many states and have a great impact on the reduction of particulate matter emissions.

It is a well-known fact that air pollution has a huge impact on economies, especially in lower-income countries. Policies that successfully reduce air pollution rates bring health advantages to the whole population. This system helps the governments respond to the climate change that will directly affect countries in South Asia.

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